YOU ARE THERE! VISIT HARRISON'S 6th GRADE CLASSROOM AS HE STARTS THE "SYSTEM" IN 1959! (The following is quoted from Chapter 4, "Basics for Starting the System" in Harrison's book called "Discipline at School Made Easy")
As my pupils straggled in from the playground and gradually
settled in their seats, I thumbed nervously through the dittoed stack of
papers on my desk with the hope that I had a sufficient supply. I had run
off over a hundred last evening. These were class roster sheets with small
squares beside each name for grade score entries. If my plans were correct,
these rosters would become a major tool in my newly designed system.
It was seven minutes before most students settled down
and eight minutes before I could talk to my class in a conversational manner.
Alterations were in order, I thought to myself. This amount of time lost
each recess was unthinkable.
"Good morning, students!" I said calmly, hoping that
my inner agitation was not too apparent. "We are going to embark upon a brand
new system today. To some of you it may seem like a game of 'Monopoly.'
From now on you will enjoy school."
This brought forth audible reactions of disbelief and
derision. I waited patiently for the noise to subside before continuing.
"The first thing we will do is eliminate grades, except at report card
time."
Again the students spontaneously reacted, but this time
affirmatively and louder than before. My irritation grew with the volume.
I decided that maybe the only thing the students of today understood
was either force or fear, and I detested both. I have always felt
that teachers should use such weapons only in an emergency. Well, as far
as I was concerned, the emergency was here and now.
"All right! That's enough!" I bellowed loud enough to
raise Danny and about half the class six inches off their seat. "The next
one I hear flapping his fat rubber lip will spend the morning recess
writing."
Pins could have been dropped and would have sounded like
the plucking of a harp string.
"That's better!" I said, relaxing my features just a
little. "Now as I was saying before, grades will be given only at report
card time." I speared Danny with a wintry eye to prevent his asking the question
I could see forming inside his restless soul. Surprisingly, it worked, and
Danny swallowed hard to keep from speaking. I continued, "Instead of academic
grades, you will earn points or rather make-believe 'classroom dollars' for
academic work. These classroom dollars can be accumulated and deposited in
the schoolroom bank where each pupil will have his or her own bank
account."
Danny could restrain himself no longer. "Can I use these
classroom dollars to pay my old man so he won't swat my fanny at report card
time?"
Naturally, this put the class into hysterics.
I waved the room into some approximation of order before
spearing Danny with a fiery eye. "Danny, this system is going to be designed
for clowns just like you. Every classroom has one and I am quite certain
that I would have died from shame if mine had been an exception. The rascals
of every class manage to drive the instructor to do either of two things:
The teacher becomes a tyrant and snatches pupils bald-headed for the
slightest infraction, or the instructor retreats inside a shell and trains
himself to ignore almost everything outside of it. By using the system, neither
of these things need happen, and certainly won't to me. We will cry together
when you force me to take your money for infractions of the rules that you
helped to make."
"But I'm not gonna make no rules like that," Danny
interjected, smiling wisely.
"Oh, but you won't need to," I smiled back. "The whole
class will. All you'll do is abide by them. And if you don't you will force
me to take criminal action against you, as I plan to do this recess for
speaking without permission."
"Already I got a feeling I don't like this new system,"
Danny replied, his mouth turning down.
Good! I thought, but said instead, "Let's find out if
you will. Just listen while I describe it. The classroom bank will be operated
for a month by the top arithmetic student. Anyone in the room may earn this
position through academic achievement in math. The banker will be changed
at the end of each month, but not unless some other student has a better
average in arithmetic.
"The bank will be nothing more than a notebook of class
roster sheets on which each student's accumulated savings or expenditures
are recorded as time permits. Usually the debiting and crediting will be
accomplished during recesses or after classroom assignments have been completed.
Therefore this extra time merits a banker's salary of $350 monthly."
After sufficient "Oh boys!" and "Golleys!" had been murmured,
I continued. "All earned academic work will be marked in dollars at the top
of the paper. All you have to remember, in this classroom, is that we have
no cents."
I allowed a few smiles and laughs before proceeding.
"We are no longer interested in the number of wrong answers. Only the number
right will be multiplied times the amount of classroom dollars I allocate
for each correct answer on that particular test or extra credit paper. Is
this perfectly clear?"
Upon receiving enough affirmative answers, I returned
to the subject. "Classroom grades, for report card purposes, will be maintained
separately in my grade book by my personal secretary. Since this pupil is
working exclusively for me on my personal work, I will reserve the right
to choose who it will be. The salary will amount to $250 monthly, because
most of the work will be performed on the individual's own time.
"The grade book will be maintained in the following manner:
At the top of each column will be written the name of the test or its
contents, the date taken, and the total amount of money that it was possible
to earn on that particular examination. This will provide a reference for
each individual's dollar score recorded below it. Thus, any parent, pupil
or myself can tell at a glance how every student did in relationship to others
or to a perfect test score. At the end of each nine weeks the column
for every pupil will be totaled horizontally in each subject and a letter
grade awarded, based upon a percentage previously selected by me. This will
mean that only the test totals for each nine weeks will count for grades.
Therefore, daily scores mean little separately but everything
collectively."
"What's that mean?" Danny blurted out, and then immediately
clapped his hands over his mouth.
I pretended to ignore his interruption and contrite gesture.
"It means that much of the pressure and strain of daily work has been removed
from teachers and pupils. And that you, Danny, will do some additional writing
for speaking out," I added very calmly. I truly felt sorry for Danny. He
was what is known as a compulsive classroom talker. But I knew that none
of my pity must show. Any weakness now would affect the whole class and really
not help Danny in the long run.
I came back to my original subject. "I shall
attempt to explain how examination papers will be handled in this
classroom from now onward." I looked meaningfully in Danny's direction before
continuing. "A test will be corrected by exchanging papers and placing the
amount of earned dollars at the top. Then the examination papers will be
returned to their owners before they are again collected and scores recorded
in the grade book by my personal secretary as previously described. Subsequently,
the test papers will be forwarded to the banker for recording to each
individual's account. Finally, all papers will be filed in a personal record
folder for future use. Is this understood by all of you?"
I waited for any negative responses. Not receiving any,
I offered more information on the system. "From now on the whole class will
help make classroom laws and determine the fine for violating each. We will
discuss the reasons for the regulation and you will know why it is needed.
It will, therefore,become everyone's law and not just mine. Thus, its enforcement
will be a matter of public policy. And every infraction will be a crime against
the whole class rather than just a game to outwit the teacher's authority.
No longer will any of you be able to steal the class's time, or my time.
You will have to pay for teacher attention in hard-earned academic money.
This means that classroom 'clowns,'" again I glanced in Danny's direction,
"will undoubtedly get the best education of any pupil in the room. The rascals
of this room will have to study hard if they are going to support their expensive
misbehavior.
"Also, there will be respect for personal and property
rights of others or a civil lawsuit may be instituted." I noticed an excessive
number of incredulous expressions. "That's right! One pupil may sue another
and collect his academic money if three things can be proved. First, there
must be some damage, and this doesn't mean stepping on someone's toe
accidentally. Second, there must be reliable witnesses. And third, the pupil
bringing the suit must have 'clean hands.' That is, he may not have instigated
the action for which he is bringing the suit - he can't punch someone in
the eye and then sue because he was punched back. Is this clear?"
Heads around the room nodded affirmatively.
"Some of you may be thinking: Who cares about those
old academic dollars?" I glanced around the room and noticed a few guilty
smiles beginning to spread. My question, I knew then, had hit home. "But
my answer to these individuals would to be, everyone will care, just everyone.
Students who allow their bank account to drop below zero are in
'bankruptcy.'
"A bankrupt pupil loses all rights and privileges as
a free citizen of this classroom and becomes a 'ward of the state,' meaning
me, just as most students are in many conventional classrooms now. The moment
that any pupil goes into bankruptcy, I shall direct all of his activities
until he works himself out through academic endeavor. In a manner of speaking,
this individual has demonstrated his inability to control himself and must
rely upon the government for direction. This will mean that even permission
to leave your seat must be asked and received. Drinks during classtime will
be denied, and trips to the restroom will be begged first before they are
allowed. Persons in bankruptcy will be the last to leave the room at recess
or dismissal time, with their free periods primarily devoted to earning academic
money, rather than play. Homework will be scheduled for the bankrupt student
every evening while the rest of the class will receive none."
I saw the faces of my students as they mirrored their
feelings, and I knew that my words were having the desired effect. And assurance
came when Danny actually raised his hand and waited for permission to
speak.
"Will the academic money we lose, because of misbehavior,
cause our grades to go down?"
"No, Danny, at least not in any academic subject. Only
your grade in deportment and conduct will drop. Academic tests and examinations
alone control the grade you will be given in subject matter, as I explained
previously with the grade book."
Encouraged by Danny's effort at self-control, I moved
deeper into the aspect of enforcement.
"In the past, most of your teachers have allowed you
to elect a classroom president, vice-president and secretary. This will also
be accomplished in here. However, there will be some significant differences.
Our president will become my right arm for the enforcement of classroom laws.
In the event that I am absent from the room for any purpose, the president
will act in my place. He will have my full power and authority behind him.
So if he says jump, just ask 'How high?'
"If you feel that the president has been unfair or has
exceeded his authority, don't take the law into you own hands and defy him.
Instead, do as you are told, then wait until I return. Your case, and the
surrounding circumstances, will be arbitrated out of court first, and, if
necessary, settled in court. Any damage you suffer will be made right. Any
other course of action immediately places you in the wrong, and I shall deal
with you accordingly. If your president demonstrates his inability to hold
the job, he may be impeached by a two-thirds majority vote of the class and
a new one elected for the remainder of that month. Therefore, don't just
complain about your elected officials; do something about them."
This time Henry's hand was raised. I nodded permission
in his direction. "What do you mean by the court? Who is that?"
Elated now with this additional assurance of growing
pupil self-control, I offered my explanation. "For the time being, I will
be the judge and jury, since I am the most impartial person in the room.
When you, as a class, progress to the point of intelligence where justice
can be dispensed, I will allow you to assume this duty. However, there will
always be a Supreme Court, composed of two adult teachers and one student
from another classroom which will hear appeals from any decision I might
make. But before any court action is taken the facts of the case should
be arbitrated out of court. The guilty party can save himself one hundred
and fifty dollars in court costs if he throws himself upon the mercy of the
court and settles out of court. Therefore, guilty parties should be encouraged
not to waste the court's time and admit their wrongdoing, pay for the damage,
and learn the lesson taught."
John sought permission to speak and I gave it. "Gee,
it looks to me like this is a system of nothing but punishment and
torture."
"On the contrary, John, there is no punishment except
that which the pupil cares to inflict upon himself. The message is this:
'Live within the law or pay the penalty you know exists.' Your question
leads us to the pleasant side of the system. I was about to explain the auction
which will interest all of you.
"Once a month we will have an auction where may delightful
things will be sold to the highest bidder. For instance, five seats in my
automobile can be bought for a trip to the mountains, hiking, or to the seashore
where the marine life will be studied. Perhaps we will go fishing, down to
the zoo, or to Disneyland, if you like. The trip might be as close as the
nearest bowling alley, indoor swimming pool, or skating rink."
As I proceeded to name other delightful excursions, I
watched all eyes light up with enthused interest. This, I thought to myself,
is the very thing missing in the environment of most children. I had long
felt that it was the cause of many social problems. Few adults anywhere have
the time or inclination to offer kids healthy alternatives to drugs, crime,
sex, and other pseudo-thrills. Most parents who even attempt to fulfill this
need drag their children up to a favorite lake time after time, not because
their son or daughter likes to fish, but instead because mom or dad enjoys
it. With a flash of rare insight, I saw for the first time what my pupils
were probably seeing.
"We will make a list of all the different places where
you would like to go and then vote for those (8 to 10) trips you might wish
to purchase at auction each month. The list will be posted on the bulletin
board and academic money may be saved for the time it will be sold."
I decided that there was no time like the present to
put my suggestion into action. After much discussion and many proposals by
the class, the youngsters voted for nine journeys that I secretly wanted
them to take. Naturally, it required some salesmanship on my part to convince
them that these particular trips were the best. During the process of persuasion,
I exercised great care to conceal my maneuverings, since to have done otherwise
would have destroyed the very motivation that I was attempting to accomplish
After the tantalizing list had been posted, I continued with further auction
time explanations.
"There will be many other exciting items sold at auction.
As an example, the highest bidder may purchase the right to become king or
queen for any selected (1/2) day during the succeeding month. The king or
queen may advise me regarding the subjects to be taught for that specific
day. "Naturally, I grinned at the class, "I expect his majesty to wait for
an especially heavy test day before mounting his throne and issuing
suggestions."
One the other hand, I thought to myself, pupils should
also expect me merely to give these same examinations on the following day.
But fortunately for me, perhaps, children wouldn't think this clearly, and
the day's hero would still remain just that.
AND OUR TALE GOES ON AND ON! THOSE WHO DESIRE TO FIND OUT WHERE IT GOES - MUST BUY THE BOOK! OR,.CLICK ON OUR MANY OTHER FREE WEB SITES FOR A DESCRIPTION OF "HOW TO START THE HARRISON SYSTEM!"